Microsoft has finally released an update to the KB2844286 issue with SharePoint. That update is linked below.
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2872441
We have installed it in our DEV environment and have verified the issue is fixed within our farm. I have also confirmed that you must still have KB2844286 installed and then install KB2872441 as you will still need the other security related patches from KB2844286 (or KB2844285, or KB2844287 depending on OS)
My original post can be found below as I am still updating that post as I get updates.
TechChucker's Brain Blast 
We installed the Hotfix, and it caused all of our workflows site wide to “Fail to Start” as well as stopping us from publishing updates to any workflows. The only solution we found to help was to remove the hotfix, then the security patch.
I would recommend you post your experience on the following technet forum. We didn’t experience that issue at all. I assume you rebooted after the installation of the Security Patch?
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/sharepoint/en-US/cc9a557b-93cd-40d5-965c-e0a2f107624d/unable-to-display-this-web-part-error-message-after-patch-kb2844286